Intra-abdominal versus intramuscular application of two ampicillin preparations in cows     

W. R. KLEIN  E. C. FIRTH  J. M. C. A. KIEVITS  J. C. DE JAGER 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1989,12(2):141-146

Plasma ampicillin concentrations were determined in a cross-over trial involving five cows after single intramuscular or intra-abdominal administration of sodium ampicillin (10 mg/kg) and ampicillin anhydrate (40 mg/kg). After injection of sodium-ampicillin, high plasma concentrations were reached within 10 min; Cmax following intramuscular injection was 9.1 micrograms/ml and after intra-abdominal injection 7.5 micrograms/ml. Urine concentrations of ampicillin were low after 24 h (1-1.5 micrograms/ml). No significant changes in blood leucocyte numbers, plasma zinc, iron or fibrinogen levels occurred. After injection of ampicillin anhydrate 1 h elapsed before maximum plasma levels were obtained; Cmax was 5.4 micrograms/ml after intramuscular and 6.7 micrograms/ml after intra-abdominal administration. Urine concentrations were very high (238-303 micrograms/ml) after 24 h and stayed above 1 microgram/ml for 6 days. After administration of ampicillin anhydrate a significant increase in blood neutrophils (P less than 0.01) and a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen was measured after intramuscular and intra-abdominal injection (P less than 0.05). A significant decrease in plasma zinc concentration after intra-abdominal injection occurred (P less than 0.05). In abdominal surgery in cows in which contamination cannot be prevented, and practical objections inhibit preoperative administration, intramuscular or intra-abdominal administration during surgery of sodium ampicillin seems justified. Ampicillin anhydrate should not be used intra-abdominally.  相似文献   

Action de l'atrazine, du chlortoluron et du MCPA sur les teneurs en pyruvate, oxalacétate, cétoglutarate, glutamate et glutamine dans les feuilles et les racines de concombre (Cucumis sativus)     

M. DECLEIRE  W. DE  CAT 《Weed Research》1984,24(3):213-218

Action of atrazine, chlortoluron and MCPA on the pyrovate, oxalacetate, cetoglutarate, glutamate and glutamine content in the leaves and roots of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Lethal rates of atrazine, chlortoluron and MCPA were administered to 17-day old cucumber seedlings growing in a nutrient solution. The ketonic acid, glutamate and glutamine composition of the leaves and roots was determined after intervals of 1–4 days. Two days after application of photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides, the ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate, glutamate and glutamine content of the leaves was 11–20%; 30–54%; 43–50%; 101–112% and 49–65% respectively, compared with the controls. After 4 days it was 16–22%; 31–56%; 26–42%; 71–75% and 180–205%. In the roots, the glutamate decreased in the same proportion as the ketoglutarate while the glutamine increased the first 2 days and decreased on the fourth day. The MCPA treatment did not modify the cetoglutarate concentration in the leaves but increased it from 300 to 800% in the roots. Simultaneous analysis of ketoglutarate and glutamate can be used to identify the nature of a herbicide treatment.  相似文献   

Investigation of the effects of histamine inhalation on the tracheobronchial tree of calves by the forced oscillation technique     

P. GUSTIN  A. R. DHEM  P. LEKEUX  F. LOMBA  F.J. LÁNDSÉR  K. P. VAN DE WOESTIJNE 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1988,11(4):374-380

Gustin, P., Dhem, A.R., Lekeux, P., Lomba, F., Lándsér, F.J. & Van de Woestijne, K.P. Investigation of the effects of histamine inhalation on the tracheobronchial tree of calves by the forced oscillation technique. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 11 , 374–380.
Effects of histamine inhalation were investigated with two different techniques in nine conscious, healthy calves. The oesophageal balloon technique was used to measure the dynamic respiratory compliance (C_dyn) and the pulmonary resistance (RL). The reactance (X_rs) and the resistance (R_rs) of the respiratory system were measured at high frequencies by the forced oscillation technique. These parameters were recorded before and after histamine inhalation. Three histamine dihydrochloride solution concentrations were used (16 mg/ml; 32 mg/ml; 64 mg/ml). Histamine inhalation induced a decrease in Cd_yn and X_rs an increase in R_rs, RL and of the resonant frequency and a negative frequency dependence of R_rs. Some of these changes were satisfactorily correlated with the histamine solution concentrations. The resonant frequency was well correlated with C_dvn. It was concluded that histamine inhalation induces a decrease of the calibre of small and large airways and a non-homogeneous behaviour of the pulmonary ventilation in awake calves. The forced oscillation technique can be used to perform an inhalation provocation test in unsedated animals.  相似文献   

Dissociative anaesthesia in free-ranging male koalas and selected marsupials in captivity     

M. BUSH  JAM GRAVES†  SJ O'BRIEN‡  DE WILDT 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(12):449-451

Forty seven free-ranging, adult, male koalas were captured and administered an intramuscular injection of the dissociative anaesthetic, Telazol (tiletamine HCl plus zolazepam HCl), at dose rates of 5.0 to 7.7 mg/kg body weight. Anaesthesia induction was rapid and smooth and resulted in a surgical plane of anaesthesia lasting 30 to 45 min. There was no depression of heart rate or respiration. Mild salivation occurred in most animals, but was not a problem because the swallowing reflex was retained. There was no mortality or morbidity and the anaesthesia level was sufficient to allow electroejaculation and multiple blood sampling with no apparent animal discomfort. For 10 of 19 males in which anaesthesia was required for a 90 min protocol, a supplementary Telazol injection (average, 2.5 mg/kg) was necessary. All koalas recovered completely within 3 to 4 h of the initial injection. The results suggest that the optimal Telazol dosage for the adult male koala is 7.0 mg/kg body weight. The retrospective analysis of 259 anaesthesia records involving 14 species indicated that Telazol was equally effective and safe in other captive marsupials.  相似文献   

Black soil blindness: A new mycotoxicosis of cattle grazing Corallocytostroma-infected Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp)     

TF JUBB  DC MAIN†  AA MITCHELL†  RG SHIVAS†  KW DE  WITTE‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(2):49-51

A new, fatal mycotoxicosis of cattle has been recognised in north-western Australia. A feeding trial confirmed the toxicity of a previously unknown species of Corallocytostroma that grows on Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp). The disease has been colloquially named ‘black soil blindness’ because its most prominent features are its confinement to pastures on black soil, and blindness and death of affected animals. Over 500 cattle have died and considerable subclinical disease is present. Above average wet season rainfall and extended growing seasons may explain the emergence of the fungus. The disease is important because cattle production in large areas of Australia utilise Mitchell grass pastures.  相似文献   

Breeding for resistance to Globodera pallida at CIP1     

M. DE SCURRAH  J. FRANCO 《EPPO Bulletin》1985,15(2):167-173

Breeding for resistance to Globodera pallida, at the International Potato Center (CIP), is directed at pathotypes P4A and P5A. The polygenic nature of resistance and the variability of pathotypes complicate breeding and testing for resistance. Recurrent selection for resistance genes and for agronomic characteristics is used to increase resistant gene frequency in potato populations. Mass seedling screening, as an early indicator of segregation ratios in a progeny, and a petri-plate technique for accurate assessment of resistance in potato clones have proven to be useful aids in selecting for resistance. Clones with partial resistance could be grown by farmers under certain conditions; partial resistance may also be useful in breeding programmes. New differential or tester clones which are better adapted and resistant to P5A populations should be utilized in the Andean region. Although Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena has been the main source of resistance, especially to pathotype P5A, the CIP breeding programme should now turn to wild species in order to broaden the base of resistance.  相似文献   

A suspected case of acute copper toxicity in a horse     

DE AUER  JC NG  AA SEAWRIGHT 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(6):191-192

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Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ronidazole from a prolonged release tablet in the homing pigeon (Columba livid)     

J. HERMAN  H. VERMEERSCH  J. P. REMON  P. DE BACKER 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1989,12(1):46-49

The pharmacokinetics of ronidazole and the bioavailability of a prolonged release tablet were studied in the homing pigeon. After intravenous administration of 5 mg ronidazole, the drug plasma concentration profile fitted a one-compartment open model. The mean half-life of the drug was 11 h and the volume of distribution was 0.86 l/kg. Total body clearance was 0.056 l/h/kg. A sustained release matrix tablet exhibited prolonged drug release in vitro. After oral administration of the matrix tablet to pigeons drug absorption was nearly complete. When given on an empty stomach, the tablet failed as a prolonged release system. Administration to previously fed pigeons resulted in an increase in tmax and a decrease in Cpmax.  相似文献   

Vascular leakage induced by histamine, bradykinin, serotonin and prostaglandin E₂ in Greyhounds     

PC MILLS  JC NG  AA SEA WRIGHT  DE AUER 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(1):21-24

SUMMARY Vascular leakage induced by intradermal injection of histamine, bradykinin and serotonin alone and co-injected with prostaglandin E₂ was measured in Greyhounds using ¹²⁵Iodine-labelled human serum albumin (¹²⁵I-HSA) as a marker in the blood. Histamine and bradykinin produced dose-dependent vascular leakage. At equimolar concentrations, histamine was more than twice as potent as bradykinin. Serotonin did not induce vascular leakage and was irritant. Prostaglandin E₂ did not induce significant vascular leakage (maximum 5μL) when injected alone, but when co-injected with histamine and bradykinin, the vascular leakage of both histamine and bradykinin was increased. This effect was more pronounced if lower concentrations of histamine and bradykinin were injected. The induced vascular leakage was greatest during the first five minutes of lesion development for histamine, during the second five minutes of lesion development for bradykinin, and the synergistic effect of prostaglandin E₂ was maximal during the third five minute period of lesion development.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of doxycycline in turkeys   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M.D.F. SANTOS  H. VERMEERSCH  J. P. REMON  M. SCHELKENS  P. DE BACKER†  H.J.J. van  BREE‡R. DUCATELLE§  F. HAESEBROUCK§ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1996,19(4):274-280

The pharmacokinetic parameters of doxycycline (DOX) were determined in 3 day, 3-, 6- and 12-week-old fasted turkeys, after a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of 25 mg doxycycline. HCl/kg body weight. Doxycycline disposition fitted an open two-compartment model. The mean (± SD) elimination half-life was 10.6 ± 0.7, 10.8 ± 1.5, 7.9 ± 1.4 and 10.0 ± 0.9 h in 3 day, 3-, 6- and 12-week-old turkeys, respectively. Mean (± SD) total body clearance was 0.19 (± 0.01), 0.27 (± 0.03), 0.11 (± 0.03) and 0.06 (± 0.01) L/h.kg in 3 day, 3-, 6- and 12-week-old turkeys, respectively. The steady-state volume of distribution was 1.77 (± 0.2), 2.1 (± 0.2), 0.7 (± 0.4) and 0.5 (± 0.2) L/kg in turkeys of the above mentioned ages, respectively. The AUC value significantly increased with the age of the turkeys. An oral doxycycline solution at a single dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight was administered to 3 day, 3-, 6- and 12-week-old turkeys. The maximal plasma concentrations in fasted turkeys were 3.8, 5.6, 7.4 and 5.7 μg/mL, with t _max values of 4.7, 1.5, 2.8 and 5.4 h, for the different ages, respectively. In fed turkeys the C _max values were 2.5, 6.1, 4.8 and 3.0 μg/mL, with t _max values of 4.2, 5.3, 4.5 and 7.5 h, respectively. The absolute bioavailability in fasted turkeys varied between 25.0 ± 9.0% (for 12-week-old birds) and 63.5 ± 7.1% (for 3-week-old birds). The relative bioavailability varied between 40.0 ± 13.0% (for 12-week-old birds) and 83.7 ± 14.3% (for 3-week-old birds).  相似文献